
Ҳар як фарди миллати тоҷик шоҳид аз он ҳастанд, ки бо заҳмату талоши бевоситаи Пешвои муаззами миллат муҳтарам Эмомалӣ Раҳмон сулҳу суботи ва Ваҳдати миллӣ дар кишвар ба даст омад. Дар таърихи тамадуни тоҷикон бо ҳарфҳои заррин ин хизматҳои Пешвои миллат навишта мешавад. Дар солҳои 1990-1991 дар тамоми Тоҷикистонмаҳалла ба маҳаллава деҳаҳо тақсимоти гузару кучаҳо ба роҳ монда шуда буд, ки оқибаташ ба ҷанги бародаркуш оварда расонд. Ин ҳама бошад, бо дасти зархаридҳои хориҷии душманони миллати тоҷик ба амал омадааст. Дар ин ҷанг зиёда аз 150 ҳазор кушта шуда, зиёда аз 1 миллион ба давлатҳои ҳамсоя куч бастаанд ва ҳатто Тоҷикистон ба нестшавӣ қарор дошт.
Бо амри тақдир фарзанди номбардори халқ Эмомалӣ Раҳмон бори аввал роҳбари давлат интихоб шуд, Тоҷикистони тозаистиқлол рӯзҳои даҳшатборро ба сар мебурд. Ҷангу низоъҳои хунини миёни тоҷикон боиси хисороти зиёди моливу ҷонӣ гардида, ба якпорчагии мамлакат ва ҳастии миллати тоҷик таҳдид мекард.
Эмомалӣ Раҳмон бо тадбирҳои хирадмандона ва матонату ҷасорати фавқулодда кишварро аз вартаи фалокат ва ҳалокат берун овард, мардуми парешонро сарҷамъ намуд ва садҳо ҳазор ғурбатзадагонроба ватан баргардонд.
Ба иродаи Сардори давлат дар як муддати кӯтоҳ харобаҳо ба ободӣ табдил ёфта, иншооти азим ба вуҷуд омоданд, барои ба ҳам пайвастани тамоми гӯшаву канори мамлакат шоҳроҳи ваҳдат ва барои мустақиман баромадан ба уқёнус ва робита ёфтан ба кишварҳои дуру наздики хориҷӣ роҳҳои бузурги мошингард сохта шуданд.
Муҳимтарин комёбиву дастовардҳои кишвар маҳз аз ташаббусҳои созанда ва бунёдкоронаи Пешвои муаззами миллат муҳтарам Эмомалӣ Раҳмон сарчашма мегирад.
Подоши ин ҳама корнамоиҳо маҳбубият ва маъруфиятест, ки Эмомалӣ Раҳмон дар миёни халқи мамлакат ва ҳазорон ҳазор ҳамватанони бурунмарзӣ пайдо кардааст. Мукофоти ин ҳамазаҳматҳо ҳамчунин ҳусни таваҷҷӯҳва эҳтироми бузурги ҷомеаи ҷаҳон мебошад, ки мунтазам нисбат ба Сардори донову тавонои Тоҷикистон, сиёсатмадори варзида ва ифодагари марому ормонҳои умумибашарӣ иброз мегардад.
Бузургтарин дастоварди Эмомалӣ Раҳмон, бешубҳа, барқарор кардани сулҳи комил ва ваҳдати миллӣ дар Тоҷикистон аст. Таҷрибаи талхи ҷангҳои дохилӣ дар ҷаҳон шаҳодат медиҳад, ки ягон давлат рақиби сиёсӣ ва ҳарифони қудратталабашро аз сангарҳои ҷанг берун оварда, бо силоҳи ҷангию лавозимоти ҳарбӣ ва сарбозони ҷангозмудааш дар сари дастгоҳи давлатию сохторҳои идоракунӣ ва мақомоти низомӣ нашинондааст.
Сардори давлат Эмомалӣ Раҳмонтавассути таъмини сулҳ ва ваҳдати миллӣ, ҳамчунин барои гузаштан ба марҳилаи барқарорсозии иқтисодиёт ва оғози корҳои созандагию бунёдкорӣ заминаи боэътимод гузошт.
Ҳамин, тавр хизмати таърихии Эмомалӣ Раҳмон аз он иборат аст, ки маҳз ӯ ихтиёри давлатдориро ба даст оварда, пеши роҳи хатари нобудии онро гирифт, оташи ҷанги дохилиро хомӯш намуд, сохтори фалаҷгардидаи ҳокимият, хусусан мақомоти ҳифзи ҳуқуқро, барқарор сохта, артиши миллӣ ва нерӯҳои посбони сарҳадро таъсис дод. Барои таҳкими ҳокимият ва давлат шароит муҳайё намуд, заминаи сулҳи миллиро матраҳ кард, гурезаҳо ва муҳоҷирони иҷбориро ба Ватан баргардонид, заминаи устувори эъмори ҷомеаи навини Тоҷикистонро гузошт. Ислоҳоти конститутсиониро дар мамлакат амалӣ гардонид, Конститутсияи (Сарқонуни) нави Тоҷикистонро эҷод кард. Ҷиҳати 27 июн соли 1997 ба имзо расидани Созишномаи умумии истиқрори сулҳ ва ризояти миллӣ заминаҳои ҳуқуқиву сиёсиро фароҳам сохт, сулҳи тоҷиконро бадаст овард, ки барои ҷаҳониён таҷрибаи беназир аст.
Заминаҳои эҳёи миллиро фароҳам сохт, ба корҳои азими созандагӣ ифтитоҳ бахшид, аҳволи иҷтимоӣ ва иқтисодии мардумро ба куллӣ беҳтар карда, хатари гуруснагиро аз байн бурд, эътибори сиёсии давлатро дар арсаи байналмилалӣ афзуд. Имрӯз шукрона аз он дорем, ки чунин Роҳбаридавлат дорем, мактаби роҳбарикунандаи онро дигар давлатҳо омӯхта шоёни таҳсинмегуянд. Ҳар як фарди тоҷик шукронаба ин давлат ва сарзамин бояд кард. Тоҷикистонба яке аз давлатҳои пешрафти ҷаҳон дар тамоми дунё шинохта шудааст.
Мирзораҳимзода А.К. доктори илмҳои биологӣ, Ноиби президент – Раиси Шуъбаи илмҳои биологияи Академияи миллии илмҳои Тоҷикистон
ОЛИМОНИ АКАДЕМИЯИ ИЛМҲО ВАЗИФАДОРАНД, КИ ДАР ИҶРОИ СЕ ҲАДАФИ СТРАТЕГИИ ДАВЛАТ – ТАЪМИНИ ИСТИҚЛОЛИЯТИ ЭНЕРГЕТИКӢ, РАҲОӢ АЗ БУНБАСТИ КОММУНИКАТСИОНӢ ВА ҲИФЗИ АМНИЯТИ ОЗУҚАВОРИИ МАМЛАКАТ НАҚШИ ФАЪОЛОНА ДОШТА БОШАНД.
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DONORS’ MEETING TO EQUIP CANCER CENTERS WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND TRAIN PROFESSIONALS
On May 2, 2025, at the Regional Center for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Safety, Security and Protection of the Agency for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Safety of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, on the initiative of the Agency for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Safety of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, which acts as the national coordinator of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), together with the State Institution "Republican Scientific Center for Oncological Research" of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan, a donor meeting was held with the participation of development partners. The main goal of the meeting was to equip the country's oncology centers with modern technologies and train highly qualified specialists to combat cancer.
The meeting was attended and addressed by the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, corresponding member of the NAST Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, Director of the Chemical, Biological, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Agency of the NAST, and representatives of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
The meeting discussed issues of providing cancer centers in the cities of Dushanbe, Khujand, Kulob and other regions of the republic with advanced diagnostic and treatment equipment, such as X-ray devices and accelerators. These devices are of great importance for the timely diagnosis and treatment of cancer. According to the Director of the Republican Scientific Cancer Center Akbarjon Murodzoda, “With the support of international partners and Nuclear Safety Agency under the Academy of Sciences, we were able to put into operation a number of modern devices that have brought the level of services closer to international standards. However, additional support is needed to fully equip regional centers and increase the population’s access to medical services.”
The NIAT Nuclear Safety Agency, in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, is actively working within the framework of international projects TAD6007, TAD6008 and TAD6009, contributing to the strengthening of the infrastructure of cancer centers and the development of radiation services in Tajikistan. Ilhom Mirsaidzoda, Director of the NIAT Nuclear Safety Agency, noted: “We are working closely with international partners to bring advanced technologies and modern knowledge to Tajikistan. This will not only improve medical services, but also increase radiation safety in the country.”
The Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population made a speech on the National Strategy for Combating Non-Communicable Diseases and the State Program for Prevention and Treatment. In this context, joint programs with International Atomic Energy Agency and other international organizations are being launched to organize training courses and exchange programs.
Development partners, including International Atomic Energy Agency's representatives and private donors, expressed their readiness to continue providing technical support to Tajikistan in the implementation of these projects. They emphasized the importance of cooperation in combating cancer and improving the health of the population, which will also contribute to the provision of equipment and training of personnel in the future.
At the end of the meeting, the participants expressed their gratitude and noted that such meetings can contribute to a new level of medical services in cancer centers of the country.
ONLINE SPEECH OF THE PRESIDENT OF NAST AT THE ROUND TABLE DEDICATED TO THE GREATNESS OF "SHOHNAMA" - I FIRDAVSI IN BRUSSELS
On 24 April 2025, the Embassy in collaboration with the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, the University of Louvain, and the Tajik Association of in Belgium "Diyor" organized a Round Table entitled "Shohnoma of Firdawsi: A Unique Heritage of World Literature" at the Muntpunt Library in Brussels.
An extensive gathering of scholars, representatives of European and Belgian institutions, experts, artists, residents of Brussels, compatriots living abroad, and members of the Persian-speaking communities residing in Belgium and the Netherlands attended the event.
The meeting featured addresses by the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Professor Dr. Qobiljon Khushvakhtzoda, Member of the European Parliament Thierry Mariani, Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts and Professor at the University of Louvain Jan Tavernier, Professor at the University of Louvain Elin Gorris, Director of Programs at the "Diplomatic World" Magazine Alberto Turkstra, Professor at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Morgan Jourdain; Researcher Ofran Badakhshoni, and Master's student at the Free University of Brussels (VUB) Shohina Behzodzoda.
The speakers emphasized the significance of Firdawsi’s Shohnoma in preserving national identity, ancestral heritage, patriotism, humanistic and peace-loving values, and fostering dialogue among civilizations and the development of cultural diplomacy. They also especially highlighted the pivotal role of the Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of Tajikistan, His Excellency Mr. Emomali Rahmon, in reviving prominent historical figures and safeguarding the historical and cultural heritage of the Tajik people.
Later in the event, talented musician Sipand Dodbeh captivated the audience with his masterful skills, offering a vibrant introduction to traditional folk music.
An ethnographic exhibition was held in the library’s magnificent hall, showcasing classical works, videos, and artifacts related to Firdawsi’s “Shohnoma”.
VISIT TO INSPECT THE PROGRESS OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS AT THE BRANCH BUILDING OF THE AGENCY FOR CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY OF THE NAST IN KHATLON REGION
Today, April 25th, the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Corresponding Member of the NAST Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, and the Chairman of Khatlon Region, Davlatali Said, visited the progress of construction works at the branch building of the Agency for Chemical, Biological, Radiation and Nuclear Safety of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in the city of Bokhtar, Khatlon Region. The construction of this building began in February of this year based on the action plan of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and is proceeding according to schedule.
It is recalled that on October 29, 2024, in the academic campus of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, the Founder of Peace and National Unity – Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of Tajikistan, His Excellency Emomali Rahmon, and the Chairman of the Majlisi Milli of the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, Chairman of the city of Dushanbe, His Excellency Rustami Emomali, inaugurated the new building of the Regional Center for Safety, Security and Safeguards in the Field of Chemical, Biological, Radiation and Nuclear Safety of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan.
Also on this day, the project of the branch building of the Agency for Chemical, Biological, Radiation and Nuclear Safety of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in the city of Bokhtar, Khatlon Region, was presented. During the presentation, it was noted that this building is a complex of 2 and 3-story structures and is planned on an area of 0.12 hectares of land. The building will include the construction of a laboratory, administrative offices for employees in the field of nuclear and radiation safety, an assembly hall, and modern classrooms equipped with modern equipment.
It should be noted that this branch was established taking into account the focus on the declaration of 2020-2040 as the «Twenty Years of Studying and Developing Natural, Exact and Mathematical Sciences in the Field of Science and Education» with the aim of developing scientific and research cooperation between the institutions of Khatlon Region and the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan.
The financing of the building's construction is carried out from the budget of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, and the internal equipment will be financed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). There is also the possibility of conducting practical classes and laboratory work for students majoring in chemistry and biology in modern classrooms.
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TAJIKISTAN AND THE VATICAN APOSTOLIC ARCHIVE AND VATICAN APOSTOLIC LIBRARY
Today, April 23, the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, an associated member of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, met with representatives of the Vatican Apostolic Archives and the Vatican Apostolic Library.
During the meeting, the parties signed a Memorandum of Understanding between the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan and the Vatican Apostolic Archives and the Vatican Apostolic Library, which will further study the historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of Tajikistan, preserved in the collections of the Holy See.
During the meeting, it was noted that the Vatican Apostolic Archives, which contain invaluable documents related to the government of the universal Church, and the Vatican Apostolic Library, which preserves a rich heritage of scientific and artistic books, will be placed at the disposal of Tajik scientists and researchers to conduct scientific research and education in this area.
Mentioned, that the Vatican Apostolic Archives and the Vatican Apostolic Library, within the framework of this memorandum of understanding, will strive to assist the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in conducting a research project, and at the same time will contribute to the compilation of the series of books “Cultural Heritage of Great Khuroson”, dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the State Independence of the Republic of Tajikistan.
During the meeting, the parties agreed, within the framework of this agreement, to promote the scientific and research work of scientists from the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in the Vatican Apostolic Archives and the Vatican Apostolic Library.
Today, April 22, an international scientific symposium was held in the Presidium Hall of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan dedicated to the 1190th anniversary of the founder of the classical school of poetry and music of the Somonid era, Abulabbosi Bakhtiyor (834-920).
The conference was opened by vice president of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Muhammaddovud Salomiyon, who expressed his thoughts on the content of the conference and the position of science, literature, culture, and music during the Somonid statehood.
In his introductory speech, the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, an associated member of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, emphasized that the Leader of the Nation, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, His Excellency Emomali Rahmon, expressed the following thoughts about the role and place of the first national state of the Tajiks, the Somonids, in the history of human civilization: “In fact, the era of culture, civilization, the development of science and literature, the glory and power of the Tajik state is associated with the reign of the Sоmonids, especially Shоh Ismoili Somoni. This era can be called a bright and proud stage of national civilization and the peak of statehood, the formation of prominent personalities, scientists, poets, and prominent state figures”.
Indeed, the material and spiritual civilization of the Somonid era holds a special place in the history of world civilization, and its brilliant figures, Hakim Tirmidhi, Abulabbasi Bakhtiyor, Abulabbasi Sarakhsi, Rudaki, Abumansur Daqiqi, Firdawsi, Abuali Ibn Sina, Aburayhan al-Biruni, and others, made a significant contribution to the formation and development of human civilization their works are inextricably linked to the historical process of the formation of the historical, scientific, philosophical, literary heritage, and the invaluable artistic wealth of the Tajik and Iranian peoples. During the Somonid era, history, science, language and literature, scientific and applied music, and the arts made great progress, the creative representatives of this golden age have brought to the stage a vast literary, historical, scientific, philosophical, artistic, and creative space that is fundamentally classic and enduring in human civilization.
Mentioned, that the creative and scientific figures of the Somonid era, including the period of scientific and administrative activity of the outstanding figure, the founder of the classical and cultural school, Abulabbasi Bakhtiyor, were a period of great prosperity in the history, nation, language, and the Renaissance of the civilization of the Tajiks and the peoples of Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Near East.
The creative representatives of the Somonid era were state-builders and cultural builders after the advent of Islam in the history of the East. In the systematic administrative structure of the state, they not only recreated the ancient system and traditions of the Aryan empires in a constructive manner, but also created a favorable atmosphere for creativity, promoting the development of the economy and trade, science and education, and art, bringing a broad impetus to progress.
In the continuation of the conference, along with Tajik researchers, as well as scholars and artisans from the United States, France, Canada, India, and Uzbekistan, who participated and spoke in person and in absentia, discussed pressing and under-researched issues of the history and civilization of the first centralized state of the Tajiks - the Somonids, and its prominent representative, the accomplished scholar, the founder of the classical school of poetry, music, and culture of the Somonid era, Abulabbos Bakhtiyor, and his time were discussed.
Today, April 21, a scientific and cultural conference entitled "Dushanbe - the Land of the Supreme Throne" was held in the hall of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, dedicated to the Day of the Capital of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe.
The Vice president of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Muhammaddovud Salomiyon, opened the conference and welcomed the guests to this center of science and education.
In his opening remarks, the president of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, corresponding member of the NANT Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, congratulated those present on the occasion of the Day of our beloved capital, Dushanbe, and noted that today, Dushanbe, the capital of independent Tajikistan, has become a major scientific center and a venue for international and republican scientific events.
The factors that contributed to this are, first of all, related to the round-the-clock activity of the Founder of Peace and National Unity - Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of Tajikistan, His Excellency Emomali Rahmon, in the direction of improving the capital of the country and the entire Tajikistan. At the same time, the activities of the city's leadership over the past few years have also strengthened the necessary opportunities for planning and holding various scientific events for the development of the capital.
It was noted that the largest scientific and research centers of the republic, including the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, sectoral academies and the most prestigious higher professional educational institutions of the republic, as well as branches of such institutions from foreign countries, are located in the capital, and all of them have the necessary personnel and infrastructure to hold symposiums, conferences, seminars, and other scientific events.
At the same time, the city of Dushanbe today has a developing infrastructure, with new modern conference halls and hotels for their participants, which increasingly attracts organizers of international and national scientific events. Also, the continuous strengthening of the ability to connect to international communication networks and the development of air transport have made the city of Dushanbe a suitable venue for organizing scientific events that bring together scientists from different countries.
Then, the First Deputy Chairman of the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan, Nematzoda Maliksho Mahmadsho, spoke about the development and progress of the city of Dushanbe and the efforts and efforts of the Mayor of Dushanbe, Rustam Emomali, and at the same time recalled the youth-oriented policy of the Founder of Peace and National Unity - Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of Tajikistan, his Excellency Emomali Rahmon. Mentioned that today, under the creative leadership of the great Leader of the Nation, Honorable Emomali Rahmon, and with the constructive initiatives of the Mayor of Dushanbe, Honorable Rustam Emomali, the city of Dushanbe has completely changed its image and become a city of dreams. In general, the capital of Tajikistan - the city of Dushanbe is a mirror of the history and life of the Tajik nation and the Tajik state.
During the conference, scientists and employees of scientific and research institutions spoke in their reports about the history of the emergence, development, and progress of the city of Dushanbe in modern times.
As we know, on 15.04.2025 at 23:14:03.0 UTC and 16.04.2025 at 04:14:03.0 local time, an earthquake occurred. According to data from the Rogun seismic stations and the Institute of Geology, Earthquake-Resistant Construction and Seismology of the National Institute of National Atomic Energy, the earthquake occurred in the territory of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (coordinates 36.56 N 70.17 E) with a magnitude of 6.0 at a depth of 102 km.
After the earthquake in the Rasht Valley, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, in particular the Founder of Peace and National Unity- Leader of the Nation, His Excellency Emomali Rahmon, established a special headquarters to eliminate the consequences of the earthquake. On this basis, at the initiative of the president of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, corresponding member of NANT Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, the leadership of the Institute of Geology, Earthquake-Resistant Construction and Seismology of NIAT was included in the composition of this commission, as part of which officials were mobilized to the Rasht region and visited the area of continuous earthquakes.
Today, April 19, as part of this working meeting, with the participation of the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, and a delegation of scientists and employees, the consequences of the earthquake in the Rasht Valley were discussed.At the beginning, Nosir Safaralizoda, Director of the Institute of Geology, Earthquake-Resistant Construction and Seismology of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, gave a detailed report on the time and place of the earthquake and its adverse consequences.
During the meeting the president of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, his Excellency Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht regarding strengthening the activity of seismic stations and the Institute of Geology, Earthquake-Resistant Construction and Seismology of the National Institute ordered to the responsible staff.
ASSISTANCE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TO 300 DISABLED PEOPLE IN DANGARA DISTRICT
It is worth noting that extending a helping hand to orphans and adolescents with disabilities is considered a good human trait in the culture of our nation. All this care and support originates from the wise and humane policy of the Founder of Peace and National Unity - the Leader of the Nation, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Honorable Emomali Rahmon.
Today, April 18, following this wise policy of the Leader of the Nation, His Excellency Emomali Rahmon, at the initiative of the president of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, correspondng member of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, assistance was provided to 300 disabled people in Dangara district.
It should be noted that this initiative was launched in honor of the international holiday of Navruz, and at the initiative of the president of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan,
corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht, a festive table and a colorful cultural program were organized for people with disabilities.
In addition, the Deputy Chairman of the Dangara District, Vice President of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan Salomiyon Muhammaddovud, the Head of the Department of Master's Degree of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan Qosimzoda Soleh, the Head of the Department of Foreign Languages under the Academy Board Saidzoda Halim Aziz, spoke about the support and charitable initiatives of the Leader of the Nation, Honorable Emomali Rahmon, for the disabled and adolescents with disabilities, and about the next initiative of the president of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, an associated member of the National Institute of National Education, Khushvakhtzoda Qobiljon Khushvakht.